Understanding Antibiotic Accessibility and Utilization Using the One Health Approach to Enhance Rational Use in Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia

By Soputhy Chansovannara and Team 

Editor: Anti Rismayanti, SEAOHUN Regional Program Manager 

Antibiotic misuse is a pervasive issue in Cambodia, where antibiotics are frequently obtained without prescriptions and administered without professional consultation. In rural areas like Kampong Cham province, this problem spans across both human and animal health sectors. Antibiotics are not only used to treat infections but are also misapplied in animal production—for disease prevention, treatment, and growth promotion.

Against this backdrop, our team embarked on a transformative research journey under the SEAOHUN One Health Research and Training (OHRT) Awards Program. As early-career researchers, we aimed to better understand the accessibility and utilization of antibiotics among drug suppliers and consumers, both in human and veterinary medicine. Ultimately, we sought to translate our findings into practical, community-based behavior change interventions.

Implementation Experience

Our field experience was a deeply enriching and hands-on application of the One Health concept. What began as a straightforward proposal evolved into a complex, dynamic process that required much more than scientific inquiry. We learned that meaningful research in One Health demands community collaboration, stakeholder engagement, and adaptability to local contexts.

We employed participatory epidemiology tools, including focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observational methods. Although we initially underestimated the logistical and interpersonal demands, our challenges—such as coordinating with provincial authorities and community leaders—became invaluable learning opportunities. These experiences sharpened our skills in communication, scheduling, and problem-solving.

Qualitative data collection proved to be one of the most crucial stages. As researchers, we had to become the instruments of data capture, listening deeply and interpreting subtle cues. Analyzing the data demanded critical thinking and collaboration; our diverse backgrounds became an asset during team discussions, allowing us to cross-check assumptions and generate richer interpretations.

Designing our communication materials—posters and leaflets—was another eye-opener. We realized that impactful visual communication could greatly enhance community engagement. Despite initial setbacks, with the guidance of senior team members, we developed materials that resonated with local audiences.

Perhaps the most memorable moment was the dissemination of our findings back to the community. We worked hand-in-hand with local authorities to organize culturally appropriate, inclusive events. This experience grounded our research in real-world impact and gave voice to the community’s needs and priorities.

Enhancing One Health Knowledge and Skills

This project significantly boosted our team’s practical knowledge and interdisciplinary competencies. Applying the lessons from the “Participatory Epidemiology in One Health” training hosted by CAMBOHUN and SEAOHUN, we experienced firsthand the importance of integrating theoretical concepts into real-world challenges.

Working in a team of both human and animal health professionals allowed us to appreciate multiple perspectives and problem-solving approaches. Open communication and mutual respect were cornerstones of our success, enabling us to co-create solutions that neither discipline could achieve alone.

Improving One Health Education and Practice

For faculty members, this research offers a model for bridging classroom learning with field realities. The project’s experiences and results now serve as case studies that enhance One Health curricula, reinforcing the relevance of field-based research in shaping positive behavior change.

For students, this project has been a gateway to applying academic knowledge in real-life contexts. It has strengthened their motivation to pursue research and broadened their understanding of One Health principles. Meanwhile, for professionals in government ministries and agencies, the project has facilitated cross-sectoral collaboration. Working together across departments has improved coordination and demonstrated how integrated research can support policy development and better health outcomes.

Anticipated Impact on Target Groups

The ripple effects of this project are expected to benefit multiple stakeholders. In local communities, our engagement efforts have sparked dialogue around antibiotic practices, laying the groundwork for ongoing health promotion activities. We hope the communication materials and platforms we developed will continue to be used to address not only antibiotic use but broader One Health topics. Among students and young researchers, the project serves as inspiration for pursuing careers in One Health research and innovation. At the institutional level, this initiative has built momentum for further collaborative projects and funding opportunities, strengthening research capacity across the region.

Contributing to the Advancement of One Health

Our work represents a meaningful contribution to building research capacity among early-career professionals in Cambodia. The integration of academic research with practical, community-based interventions has shown the value of an interdisciplinary, systems-thinking approach. By considering human, animal, and environmental health as interconnected, we’ve helped shape a more effective, inclusive One Health strategy for the future.

Insights and Lessons Learned

Throughout the project, several key lessons emerged. First, interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for meaningful research. Engaging diverse stakeholders—from universities to local communities—fostered a shared understanding and enriched our research process. Second, community engagement is not optional; it is essential. Involving provincial health departments, animal health officers, and village leaders led to higher acceptance and sustainability of our initiatives. Third, flexibility is crucial. Unexpected logistical hurdles and changing community schedules required us to stay agile and maintain momentum through backup plans and continuous team coordination. Finally, investing in student capacity proved to be one of our most sustainable strategies. Empowering university students through hands-on experience ensures the continuity of One Health initiatives beyond the lifespan of individual projects.

Conclusion

The SEAOHUN OHRT Awards Program has been instrumental in enhancing our academic, professional, and personal growth. It deepened our understanding of the complex interactions between humans, animals, and the environment—and showed us the transformative power of collaboration, adaptability, and empathy.

Our efforts in Kampong Cham have established a strong foundation for promoting responsible antibiotic use and advancing the One Health approach in Cambodia. As we continue this journey, we are committed to fostering sustainable change and inspiring future generations of One Health leaders.

Project Leader: Mr. Sophuty Chansovannara, National Institute of Public Health 

Team Members:

• Mr. Khun Sokkheng, Kampong Cham National Institute of Agriculture.

• Ms. Lay Sokreaksa, National Institute of Public Health.

• Mr. Phan Channarong, National Institute of Public Health

• Assistant Prof. Chau Darapheak, MD., MPH., PhD., Head of Laboratory Bureau at the National Institute of Public Health